Chemistry Lab

The pKa of an alien Acid-Base Indicator By Josephine Hong Lab Instructor Yue Zhang overdue April 5, 2013 Submitted April 5, 2013 Abstract In this lab, the pKa of the un cognize forefinger of expression was placed some(prenominal) qualitatively and decim completelyy. To support our procedures, the experiment was tested exploitation a cognise indi kindlet, bromocresol parkland. qualitatively, we employ the subterfuge c been of the basis with indicator to obtain the pKa observe solely employ a pH meter. duodecim totallyy, we used a pH meter and the spectrophotometer with varying parsimoniousnesss of the acid and ungenerous.The maximum wavelengths of absorbance used to quantify the dissociated and undissociated wee-wees of the bromocresol fleeceable were 440 nm (yellow, undissociated) and 616 nm ( colored dissociated). For the un cognise indicator, the wavelengths were 505. 96 nm ( wild, undissociated) and 601. 66 nm (blue, dissociated). For bromocresol green, the by experimentation obtained pKa prize measured qualitatively was 4. 04. quantitatively, the pKa came out to be 4. 16. The voice fallacy (10. 47%) obtained was within reasonable range, allowing the equal procedures to be used to determine the pKa survey of the unknown indicator, Indicator of Freedom.Indicator was Freedom was piece to retain a pKa appreciate of 5. 32 qualitatively es label writer typer. On the other hand, the quantitative pKa was measure to be 4. 265. Introduction This lab applies the belief of an indicator dye, which is primarily a weak acid that changes tinges when reacting with the step of hydronium ion in a solution. Thus, the qualitative come out of the lab assumes that at the headspring where the solution changes dissimulation into an intermediate shade of the deuce, the concentrations of HIn and In- is approximately tally. Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch comp ar for them he pH equals pKa when the ratio between the indicator and its conjugate b ase is 1. Subsequently, the quantitative tract of the lab deals with the relationship between absorbance and concentration A1(? )A2(? )= c1c2 Thus, a trustworthy absorbance of a solution can provide the concentration of the indicator and its conjugate base when taking into consideration the maximum wavelength of the ii dissimulations. data-based Section To decrease the saturations of acid and base needed and the amount of cartridge holder to complete the lab, the tune solutions of well-knit acid and base were thin out to at least one-quarter their starting amount.Thus, 60 mL of deionized water was added to both stock solutions of 20 mL HCl and NaOH to create 2 new 80 mL diluted solutions. Part 1 Finding pKa Qualitatively 25 mL solution of the diluted NaOH with 3 swing outs of indicator was titrated against the diluted HCl drop wise until a subterfuge change occurred. To determine the pKa of the indicators, the pH of the solutions were channelisen with a pH meter when there was a color change. ascertain the color of bromocresol green to be yellow when acidic and blue when basic, the stratum of color change to measure pH was when the solution turned green.Likewise, the indicator of Freedom was red when acidic and blue when basic, which established the point of color change to be purple. These locomote were performed three times for both the known and unknown indicators to bewilder an average pKa value. Part 2 Finding pKa Quantitatively For the quantitative tendency of pKa, multiple solutions of varying acid/ base concentration were prep ared with 3 drops of indicator. Despite the varying concentrations of each solution, the total volume stayed constant at 20 mL.Before anything, the wavelengths of maximum absorbance were determined first by using solutions of minute acid and base with three drops of indicator. For each solution, the pH was measured originally placing them in cuvettes to measure their absorbance values using the spectrophoto meter. These steps were performed for both the known and unknown indicator. Results carry over 1 Qualitative information for Bromocresol park ravel pH 1 3. 82 2 3. 93 3 4. 36 ordinary 4. 04 computation of Average hold over 2 Maximum Absorbance and for Bromocresol Green HCl w/ 3 Drops Indicator NaOH w/ 3 Drops Indicator minginess (M) . 028 . 0962 (nm) 440 616 root word Color Yellow Blue Absorbance . 116 . 243 carry over 3 Quantitative data for Bromocresol Green flock of HCl (mL) Volume of NaOH (mL) pH Absorbance HIn AbsorbanceIn- 14 6 3. 50 . 055 . 015 9 10 4. 39 . 044 . 048 7 13 5. 30 . 024 . 103 Figure 1 Absorbance vs. pH for Bromocresol Green percent Error Calculation for Bromocresol Green phantasm *pKa of Bromocresol Green was found online Table 4 Qualitative Data for Indicator of Freedom Trial pH 1 5. 50 2 5. 33 3 5. 12 Average 5. 32 Table 5 Maximum Absorbance and for Bromocresol Green HCl w/ 3 Drops Indicator NaOH w/ 3 DropsIndicator Concentration (M) . 1028 . 096 2 (nm) 505. 96 601. 66 Solution Color ruby-red Blue Absorbance . 703 . 945 Table 6 Quantitative Data for Bromocresol Green Volume of HCl (mL) Volume of NaOH (mL) pH Absorbance HIn AbsorbanceIn- 18 2 2. 07 . 360 . 046 14 6 2. 36 . 374 . 048 10 10 3. 88 . 347 . 087 10 10 3. 04 . 312 . 041 9 11 9. 35 . 148 1. 127 9. 5 10. 5 5. 95 . 171 . 686 9. 75 10. 25 5. 45 . 230 . 424 9. 25 10. 75 9. 13 . 146 . 913 Figure 2 Graph of Absorbance vs. pH for Indicator of Freedom DiscussionThe qualitative part of the lab had mode for a lot of errors. The unreliability of visual card of the slight color change in solution could lease dramatically affected the results. Because the experimentally determined pKa was less than the actual pKa for both cases, strong enough color change were probably not find. Since the titration was performed roughly using drops, the drops could declare added more(prenominal) acid than needed, resulting in a smaller pKa.. Quantitatively, the pKa can be determined by plo tting the information, with absorbance as a function of pH. on that point will be two separate lines, one for each wavelength of the two colors.The carrefour of these two lines will indicate the point at which the pH should be equal to the pKa. This works because at the intersection point pH=pKa+logIn-HIn It is known that A1A2= c1c2. Since A1= A2 at the intersection point of the graph, then 1= c1c2= In-HIn. Thus,pH=pKa+log1 pH=pKa at the intersection of both curves The procedure for determination of bromocresol green pKa appeared to have worked, because the percent error was roughly around 10%. Although slightly high, these errors are unpreventable. For example, cuvettes with smudges on the sides would have increased the absorbance readings of the solutions.Moreover, the maximum wavelength is crucial because it is used as a mensuration to know where to record the absorbance levels of the other solutions. This is because it is where the maximum absorbance occurs for the peculiar (prenominal) color call downd by the solution is. It is important to measure the absorbance levels at these exchangeable wavelengths to keep the data consistent and to have the ability to compare the absorbance levels of two solutions without the need to correct or adjust the readings. Finally, a limited sum of data points when find the pH graphically could have also added to the error in this experiment. chemic science LabThe pKa of an Unknown Acid-Base Indicator By Josephine Hong Lab Instructor Yue Zhang Due April 5, 2013 Submitted April 5, 2013 Abstract In this lab, the pKa of the unknown indicator of expression was determined both qualitatively and quantitatively. To verify our procedures, the experiment was tested using a known indicator, bromocresol green. Qualitatively, we used the color change of the solution with indicator to obtain the pKa value solely using a pH meter. Quantitatively, we used a pH meter and the spectrophotometer with varying concentrations of the ac id and base.The maximum wavelengths of absorbance used to quantify the dissociated and undissociated forms of the bromocresol green were 440 nm (yellow, undissociated) and 616 nm (blue dissociated). For the unknown indicator, the wavelengths were 505. 96 nm (red, undissociated) and 601. 66 nm (blue, dissociated). For bromocresol green, the experimentally obtained pKa value measured qualitatively was 4. 04. Quantitatively, the pKa came out to be 4. 16. The percentage error (10. 47%) obtained was within reasonable range, allowing the same procedures to be used to determine the pKa value of the unknown indicator, Indicator of Freedom.Indicator was Freedom was found to have a pKa value of 5. 32 qualitatively essay writer typer. On the other hand, the quantitative pKa was measure to be 4. 265. Introduction This lab applies the concept of an indicator dye, which is principally a weak acid that changes colors when reacting with the amount of hydronium ion in a solution. Thus, the qualitati ve part of the lab assumes that at the point where the solution changes color into an intermediate shade of the two, the concentrations of HIn and In- is approximately equal. Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation for them he pH equals pKa when the ratio between the indicator and its conjugate base is 1. Subsequently, the quantitative portion of the lab deals with the relationship between absorbance and concentration A1(? )A2(? )= c1c2 Thus, a certain absorbance of a solution can provide the concentration of the indicator and its conjugate base when taking into consideration the maximum wavelength of the two colors. Experimental Section To reduce the volumes of acid and base needed and the amount of time to complete the lab, the stock solutions of strong acid and base were diluted to at least one-fourth their starting amount.Thus, 60 mL of deionized water was added to both stock solutions of 20 mL HCl and NaOH to create 2 new 80 mL diluted solutions. Part 1 Finding pKa Qualitative ly 25 mL solution of the diluted NaOH with 3 drops of indicator was titrated against the diluted HCl drop wise until a color change occurred. To determine the pKa of the indicators, the pH of the solutions were taken with a pH meter when there was a color change. Determining the color of bromocresol green to be yellow when acidic and blue when basic, the point of color change to measure pH was when the solution turned green.Likewise, the indicator of Freedom was red when acidic and blue when basic, which established the point of color change to be purple. These steps were performed three times for both the known and unknown indicators to find an average pKa value. Part 2 Finding pKa Quantitatively For the quantitative determination of pKa, multiple solutions of varying acid/ base concentration were prepared with 3 drops of indicator. Despite the varying concentrations of each solution, the total volume stayed constant at 20 mL.Before anything, the wavelengths of maximum absorbance w ere determined first by using solutions of pure acid and base with three drops of indicator. For each solution, the pH was measured before placing them in cuvettes to measure their absorbance values using the spectrophotometer. These steps were performed for both the known and unknown indicator. Results Table 1 Qualitative Data for Bromocresol Green Trial pH 1 3. 82 2 3. 93 3 4. 36 Average 4. 04 Calculation of Average Table 2 Maximum Absorbance and for Bromocresol Green HCl w/ 3 Drops Indicator NaOH w/ 3 Drops Indicator Concentration (M) . 028 . 0962 (nm) 440 616 Solution Color Yellow Blue Absorbance . 116 . 243 Table 3 Quantitative Data for Bromocresol Green Volume of HCl (mL) Volume of NaOH (mL) pH Absorbance HIn AbsorbanceIn- 14 6 3. 50 . 055 . 015 9 10 4. 39 . 044 . 048 7 13 5. 30 . 024 . 103 Figure 1 Absorbance vs. pH for Bromocresol Green Percent Error Calculation for Bromocresol Green error *pKa of Bromocresol Green was found online Table 4 Qualitative Data for Indicator of Freedom Trial pH 1 5. 50 2 5. 33 3 5. 12 Average 5. 32 Table 5 Maximum Absorbance and for Bromocresol Green HCl w/ 3 Drops Indicator NaOH w/ 3 DropsIndicator Concentration (M) . 1028 . 0962 (nm) 505. 96 601. 66 Solution Color Red Blue Absorbance . 703 . 945 Table 6 Quantitative Data for Bromocresol Green Volume of HCl (mL) Volume of NaOH (mL) pH Absorbance HIn AbsorbanceIn- 18 2 2. 07 . 360 . 046 14 6 2. 36 . 374 . 048 10 10 3. 88 . 347 . 087 10 10 3. 04 . 312 . 041 9 11 9. 35 . 148 1. 127 9. 5 10. 5 5. 95 . 171 . 686 9. 75 10. 25 5. 45 . 230 . 424 9. 25 10. 75 9. 13 . 146 . 913 Figure 2 Graph of Absorbance vs. pH for Indicator of Freedom DiscussionThe qualitative part of the lab had room for a lot of errors. The unreliability of visual observation of the slight color change in solution could have dramatically affected the results. Because the experimentally determined pKa was less than the actual pKa for both cases, strong enough color change were probably not observed. Since the t itration was performed roughly using drops, the drops could have added more acid than needed, resulting in a smaller pKa.. Quantitatively, the pKa can be determined by plotting the data, with absorbance as a function of pH. There will be two separate lines, one for each wavelength of the two colors.The intersection of these two lines will indicate the point at which the pH should be equal to the pKa. This works because at the intersection point pH=pKa+logIn-HIn It is known that A1A2= c1c2. Since A1= A2 at the intersection point of the graph, then 1= c1c2= In-HIn. Thus,pH=pKa+log1 pH=pKa at the intersection of both curves The procedure for determination of bromocresol green pKa appeared to have worked, because the percent error was roughly around 10%. Although slightly high, these errors are unpreventable. For example, cuvettes with smudges on the sides would have increased the absorbance readings of the solutions.Moreover, the maximum wavelength is crucial because it is used as a st andard to know where to record the absorbance levels of the other solutions. This is because it is where the maximum absorbance occurs for the particular color produced by the solution is. It is important to measure the absorbance levels at these standardized wavelengths to keep the data consistent and to have the ability to compare the absorbance levels of two solutions without the need to calibrate or adjust the readings. Finally, a limited number of data points when determining the pH graphically could have also added to the error in this experiment.Chemistry LabThe purpose of this lab was to see which solutions are soluble and which are not. We were able to see this by mixing certain solutions together and observing changes that occurred. The procedure for this experiment included a some different steps. The first steps were to add the nitrate solutions into the lettered part of the 96-well plate.Once you were done with that, you were supposititious to add the sodium solution s to the numbered parts of the 96-well plate, so that the solutions were added together. You were supposed to observe the different answers occurring. Once you observed each reaction take place, you needed to fill out your data table. Data Table solvability Rules TableNegative Ion (Anions) Positive Ions (Cations) Solubility ofCompounds All negative ions are with Alkali ions (Na) fat-soluble All negative ions are with Hydrogen (H+) Soluble All negative ions are with All positive ions Soluble treat NO3- ions are with All positive ions are Soluble Acetate CH COO- ions are 3with All positive ions are Soluble Chloride, Cl-Bromide Br-Iodide I- CuAll other positive ions paltry SolubilitySolubleSoluble Sulfate SO 2-4 BaAll other positive ions Low SolubilitySoluble Sulfide S -2 All positive ions Soluble Hydroxide, OH- Ba SolublePhosphate PO 3-4Carbonate CO 2-3Sulfite, SO 2-3 H Soluble Once you recorded all of the data, there were a few questions that needed to be answered. A. Compare you r results with the solvability rules and/or solubility table in your chemistry text. I would say that my results turned out pretty close to the rules in the text book. I observed many different reactions occurring. The colors of the solutions changed from clear to purple, from clear to blue and yellow, and from clear to a milky white color. There were also changes from a light yellow to a dark almost orange color. B.Do your results coincide with your expectations from the solubility rules/table? My results do agree with my expectations, however, I wasnt expecting all of the solutions to be soluble. C. Which anions generally form precipitates? What are exceptions? Silver salts, Phosphates, Sulfides, Carbonates, Hydroxides. Exceptions include root word metals. D. Which anions generally do not form precipitates? What are the exceptions? Nitrates, Alkali metals, ammonium ion salts, Halides, and Acetates. The exceptions include those mentioned above that would form precipitates. E. W hich cations generally do not form precipitates?Na+ generally does not form precipitates. F. Select 10 reactions that produce a precipitate, color change, or gas and write balanced chemical equation and a net ionic equation for each. Remember, a reaction may be indicated by the formation of a precipitate, color change, or the formation of gas. Record the well numbers of the precipitates you chose for your equations. (Co(No3)2+6H2O)+(Na3PO4+12H2O)Well A1 (Cu(NO3)2+3H2O )+(Na3PO4+12H2O)Well B1 (Fe(NO3)3+9H2)+(Na3PO4+12H2O)Well C1 (Ba(NO3)2) )+(Na3PO4+12H2O)Well D1 (Ni(NO3)2+6H2O)+(Na3PO4+12H2O)Well E1 (Co(No3)2+6H2O)+(NaHCO3)Well A5 Cu(NO3)2+3H2O)+(NaHCO3)Well B5 (Fe(NO3)3+9H2)+(NaHCO3)Well C5 (Ba(NO3)2) )+(NaHCO3)Well D5 (Ni(NO3)2+6H2O)+(NaHCO3)Well E5 To wrap things up, I found this lab to be easy but confusing at the same time. I am not sure my reactions were all correct because I thought there were supposed to be some that were insoluble, however, I observed reactions occur each time. I would suggest maybe providing better rules for the solubility table because I was a little bit confused with that at first as well. I enjoyed doing this lab, as I do every one, but there were parts of it that just confused me.

How I Taught My Grandmother Essay

a) Triveni was a popular writer because of her style of committal to writing was rattling easy-to-understand and also convincing. Moreover, she used to write on the complex mental problems in the lives of common people which was a nonher reason of her popularity.(b) The grandmother could not read the story that appeared in the magazine as she had never been to school. So she used to depend on her granddaughter who read the story to her.(c) The following deuce sentences spoken by the grandmother tell us how desperate was she to sleep with what happened in the story 1. Many times, I rubbed my hands over the pages deficiency I could understand what was written. 2. I even thought of going to the hamlet and asking you to read for me.(d) Yes, the grandmother succeeded in accomplishing her desire to read. To accomplish this she worked embarrassing with some target. She made the Saraswati Pooja day as the deadline. And by this day she was qualified to read a book independently.(e) Th e grandmother had a strong stopping point and also emotional. She was determined to learn to read. She worked hard with strong determination in order to achieve her target before the deadline she had set to herself. After she had realised her desire, she expressed her gratitude to her granddaughter. She touched the little girls feet because she felt it was her tariff to respect her teacher irrespective of the gender and age. The grandmother was seemed to be very emotional when she told the story of her life to her granddaughter.

Research proposal Essay

The first edition of Guidelines for authorship a query proposal appeared in 1997. It has inevitably been widely read, not beca habit of its in presentnt fascination, and because, over its eight year life, numerous postgraduate students in the psychological science surgical incision have had to consult it in order to survive (and in most cases master) the arduous process of penning a explore proposal. some(prenominal) changes have been made for this new edition. A number of subsections which led to continuous misunderstandings on the part of readers have been clarified. there have also been minuscule administrative changes within the incision and the University which have required that some of the gist be updated.However the main change is that the conventions for citing and leaning references have been extensively revised to bring them into line with the 5th edition of the Publication manual(a) of the American Psychological Association (2001). In addition, the examples covered are more(prenominal) extensive and reflect a wider range of the kinds of references apt(predicate) to be cited not that in look for proposals but also in the dissertation itself. This means that this booklet provides a useful source for all postgraduates in the Department of psychological science who want a quick guide to the conventions for citing and listing references for any work to be presented to staff in the Department.David Edwards, February 20041. What is a look for proposal and what is it for?Whether you are planning a small honours query ejection or a major look pop at PhD level, the process of investigate proposal preparation result help you to come back care affluenty somewhat many aspects of your proposed research. If you embark on a research project without adequate preparation, you run the risk of discovering as you go along that what you have carry offn on is too large, too small, impossible, or full of contradictions The guidelines mold out i n this inventory are designed to close out this from happening. By following them, in close consultation with your supervisor, the planning of your research project lead be orderly, thorough and well conceptualized. This lead look into that you have an appropriate focus for the research project and that, once you take down the research, you will be able to follow a series of methodological steps which are likely to succeed in answering your research irresolutions.The finished research proposal is a schematic, highly foc utilize enumeration which summarizes your plans for setting closely a research project. The format requirements are set out below. It is important to follow these carefully because they reflect the criteria which are used by the committee(s) that will evaluate your proposal (see Appendix 1 for a elaborated set of such(prenominal) criteria). At honor level, proposals are ordinarily reviewed by an Honours research proposals review committee. skippers propo sals in Clinical and Counselling Psychology are reviewed by the Psychology Departments Research ProjectsReview Committee (RPRC). All otherwise Masters and PhD proposals are first reviewed by the RPRC, and, once they have been passed by that committee, go on to the Humanities Higher Degrees Committee (HHDC).Information about the dates on which the RPRC and HHDC meet (and the deadlines for submission of proposals for their agendas) is available in an information document which is obtainable from the Administrative Assistant and usually posted on the Departments weathervanesite (Research Projects Review Committee information, 2003). 2. The basic formatWhatever detail your research is for, you will study to follow the same basic principles with gaze to the format and structure of the research proposal. Section 3 below provides detailed guidelines as to how you should organize and structure it into various sections. Section 5 lines the conventions to be followed for citing and list ing reference existent. In addition, please note the following formal requirements for the proposal Use 1 spacing between lines and a 12 point Arial or Times New Roman font (or ace of similar size). For proposals which do not go on to the HHDC, the backing and other information should be displayed at the top of theproposal (see Figure 1) for proposals which will go to theHHDC they should be on a separate lintel rogue (see Figure2). The proposal whitethorn not exceed five pages (not including the header page where this applies) and should not includeappendices. Note if your proposal is shorter than this, it will credibly contain inadequate information. Number the pages (not the header page where this applies). Figure 1Heading format for proposalswhich do not go to the HHDCRhodes University Department of Psychology Honours 20031 An evaluation of an affirmative action programme in a small brass section2Research proposal submitted by3 _________________________4Supervisor 5 ________ __________________________________Begin the textbook of your research proposal here .Figure 2Format for form of address page of proposals which go to the HHDCA programme evaluation of a tuition programmefor HIV/AIDS counsellors2Research proposal submitted bygenus Melissa Appollis3g03c1263 4For a thesis in fulfilment6 of the requirements of the tip of Master of humanities in Psychology1Supervisor Professor T. Mkhize5Key for Figures1 Name of degree 4 Student number2 Title of project 5 Supervisor3 Student name 6 fulfilment or partialfulfilment3. The structure of the proposalThe research proposal ineluctably to have a title, a context section, statement of the research question or reads and a method section. Below are guidelines for writing each(prenominal) of these. Pay close attention to the kind of information that should be include in each part. Following these guidelines will help you to shamble beat out use of the limited space available and to avoid the inclusion of contrasted or inappropriate material.3.1 TitleThe title should leave behind the reader a succinct indication of what the research is about. This must include reference to the reach of research and an indication of what the research question is.It is often best not to spare the title until you have finished writing the rest of the research proposal.You whitethorn change the title when you relieve the actual research project either to reflect new emphases that emerge as the project unfolds, for example, in response to unexpected findings from your data analysis, or to add an artistic or personal touch to give your title a human quality or some personal distinctiveness.Important note For those theses which go finished the HHDC, the title is recorded in the Faculty record. This means that it cannot be changed without formally notifying the Dean and subscribe toting thepermission of the Faculty. A request to change the title must be made in writing to the Faculty Office, so unriva lledr well before the thesis is actually handed in.3.2 ContextThe hold out of this section is to prepare the reader for the research question(s) that will be found in the following section. In order to do this thoroughly, you will need to cover the following points You must place that your question is situated in an existing literature which provides a background and context for yourown research. You whitethorn draw on a particular research tradition or discourse within psychology (for example, attribution theory, radical feminism, object dealings theory, a particular personality theory, career development theory). Or you may describe theliterature in a particular applied arena, such as HIV/AIDS pleader, affirmative action in due south African organizations, psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder, attitudes to socio-political transformation, or the effects of cumulative bats brain injuries in sport. Sometimes there may be both or more scene of actions of the resea rch literature which are relevant to yourresearch. In this case you need to introduce the relevantconcepts and issues from each genius. You need to write aboutthese concepts and research findings in such a way that you deliver that there is a substantial existing literature which you will be drawing on, and that you have a works knowledge and understanding of that literature. inject and define the most important psychologicalconcepts, distinctions, principles and theories which willform the initiation of the conceptual framework within whichyour research question makes comprehend (Leedy & Ormrod, 2001). In participatory and/or action research projects, conducted in partnership with a community, an organization, or aparticular group of people, give a legal brief business relationship of the nature of the partner community, organization or group. You should also describe the organizational or community context within which the research will take place. In addition, provide detail s of the history of your involvement withthe community, organization or partners and of the implicit or explicit contract that you have with them. When writing up a case study of a therapy or counselling process that has already taken place, give a brief account of the nature of the therapy/counselling process and argue why the material lends itself to supposed exploration in a research thesis. It is often appropriate to give a historical perspective to research in the area. Over the ultimo 100 years who have beenthe major players in investigating the area? Has the focus of research shifted? What have been the important historicalmilestones in scuttle new perspectives or researchapproaches? How does the approach you will use tantrum into this (Leedy & Ormrod, 2001 Seidman, 1998)?If you have collected a large amount of background material for this section, you do not need to refer to or describe everything that may be relevant or which you intend to include in the thesis. You on ly need to provide sufficient material to take care of each of the points just described. Furthermore, the degree of thoroughness with which the contextual background must be presented depends on the level of the degree you are studying for. When doing a PhD you need to show that you are familiar with everything important that has been written in the area. At Honours level, you will not, of course, have the time and resources to do that, but, you do need to take account of all the above requirements on a smaller scale.There are two steps to take to ensure that you have a sufficient background knowledge Choose a supervisor who is working(a) in the area and who knows what the core research writing in the area is. Conduct a literature search using an online database such as PsycInfo which you can access through the University program librarys electronic resources web page. Identify the items which youwant and check to see if they are in the Library or available in full text on one of the other online databases such as PsycArticles or ScienceDirect. Ifthey are not, you can use the Librarys interlibrary loan facility to order them. Students who are working on aresearch area which a staff atom is investigating, may beable to obtain financial assistance towards the make up of this from the staff members research grant.You can expect to work the context section again and again. It is not something you can expect to write out in an organized and taxonomic fashion at one sitting This is because, as you think about your topic and refine your research question, you will come to recognize what material has a direct baby carriage on it, and what material is of limited relevance. For example, as you clarify your thinking, you are likely to discover that you have omitted to define clearly certain concepts which are inbred if your research question is to be understood. You are also likely to suck up that some of the material which you initially thought was important is only of borderline relevance to the research question and needs to be omitted.You should organize this section carefully, so that you communicate to your reader that you have a clear sense of purpose in setting about your research project (Neuman, 2000, p. 101-103). A mistake that many students make is that they approach this section as if they were writing a discursive essay on the topic. Doing a research project is not a hefty vehicle for conducting your own personal interrogative sentence into an area that you have not read about and have no conceptual understanding of. In Honours and some directed get the hang and PhD courses, opportunities to write discursive essays are provided during the specialized papers you will be studying for. If you approach a research proposal like a seminar you will convey this message I am interested in depression, eating disorders, racism, art therapy, affirmative action etc.. I do not know much about it and have not to that degree read much t hat has been written bypsychologists on the issue. However here are a fewpreliminary thoughts I have about the topic. I hope thatsomehow during the course of doing this research my ideaswill get more organized and I will be able to make somesense of this topicThis, of course, is not a message which will impress the people who will evaluate your finished proposal kinda you should actively promote your research idea as something important and worthwhile. You should aim to communicate to your readerI have identified something of interest and grandnesswithin the discipline which is worth investigating. I have a good basic knowledge of the literature in this area andunderstand the profound concepts and theories. I havesufficient conceptual understanding to provide a basis for a clear research question and for a systematic researchinvestigation. When I complete the research it will besomething which will contribute to knowledge, have practical value and be worth reading material

Restoration Essay

The creation of cosmos and adult female will always root word from the passage in Genesis, where it all narrates how composition came into being with the guidance of womilitary personnel as well. We be familiar with the story of Adam and Eve, something that will always be our reference when we atomic number 18 leaded how many came to be. idol is often referred to as the image and likeness of man. But now, we all ask, what was the hand of woman in this essence and to whom was she likened to? Basically, the answer to this is also theology himself. We may all ask how this would be, but the facts ar simple. paragon facilitate guides us to this day, and He merchantman also take the form of a mother as well, channelize us and nurturing our every need.Most of us look up to God for support and ask him for guidance and help, but it has never really occurred to us that He is still the one we turn to in hard times. We set up God is sizeable and always there for us, the same way that we exact mothers to turn to in times of needs and moral support. Technically speaking, we ar born under his wing, and to this day, all we have to do is just generate how man came to be and from there, figure out the same proceedings when we or how mint are given life and born in the earth today.II.Compare My Wife to the image of GodThere is no question that God domiciliate be likened to my wife. Always there during hard times and helps bring joy by consenting children for our own family nothing would be achievable without having her for my partner. Guiding me as well in both bad and good times, my wife is there for me in whatever the case may be. God is always there for us at all times.We just demand and machinate sure that He hears us through our prayers. Our partners represent him, acting as co-decision makers to be able to go through the challenges of life, rather than sacking through them alone. My wife guides our off-springs as well, teaching them the beauties of life and what to expect from the dry land.III.Compare My mystify to the image of GodNo one else comes close to becoming a good guardian other than my mother. Without her, I would not even be existing today. She has helped in molding me into what I am today, a succeeder in every way. Her teachings have made me wiser and take on the frequent tasks in the more rational way known today.IV. Compare My sis to The image of GodMy sister is currently pregnant, and the proper care for her stature is a must. Expected to bear a child after a few months, this is testimony toward the beauty that life gives in the maternal aspect. Women are the usual bearers of children, creating them with their partners. The beauty and the product of the love of two people would bear fruit in the form of a child. God made man because he loved them and wanted them to carry out His will and make the demesne a better place not only for man but for everyone.IV. What can you do in nursing to promote and fu rbish up Gods image to mothers that you may assume in the future.In nursing, the proper care given towards patients and needy people is all that matters. Providing the quality level of care in the health and health check aspect is already a consoling factor in its sense, since it is still life that is being cared for. Trying to comfort them and be of assistance, nursing is no doubt about caring and nurturing people in need of charge and pain.Understanding the whole scenario of why nursing is important today can be attributed to the fact that there are people in the world who are in need of medical assistance. God helps us in mind and mysterious ways, and this is something that attention plays as far as nurses are concerned. Aside from doing the necessary duties to ensure the overall comfort that patients around the world require, lending that helping hand towards the needy people of today is already a large step in the direction of how God wants man to live in this world. Like wh at most people do, diseases, health issues and sicknesses are abounding in the world today. Trying to help the people plagues in such situations is something that nurses can do well to accommodate and provide attend to.

Favorite Teacher Essay

Choosing a favorite teacher is fairly difficult when bingle puts into account all the types of teachers they guard known, all of them argon important. Teachers are the indorsement most important mess in our lives, right after our parents. Teachers are persuasive and have the power to build a child up from an immature student to become a responsible adult or they can completely and utterly crush a students hopes and dreams. As an same twin my contract has ceaselessly pulled a few strings to have my sister and me in the same classes through start unsubdivided school.We were absolutely insepar equal to(p). Transitioning from elementary to middle school was a milestone for me. Every class I was placed in was different from my sisters. I was friendless, and at measure I felt hopeless scrambling to find friends I was overwhelmed by the upthrust of the middle school system. At my storage locker I forgot a attain ingredient, the combination completely overloaded with homework, te sts and loneliness, I sat at my locker and sobbed. It was there I crossed paths with one of the most important people I have ever known. The first time I met Ms.Reagan was when she gave the future middle-schoolers a tour of the school the spend before my sixth straddle year. She was short, thin and had an intelligent look. She seemed truly interested in me, given my mother had met her on vacation a few years back. Ms. Reagan assured my upset mother I would do perfectly fine in a new environment without my sister. However, when school began, so did my problems. Mr. Wolff was my sixth grade incline teacher, as an advanced English student the first essay he assigned was rather demanding.Struck by writers block, I was only able to conquer five pages of the assigned six-page essay. Mr. Wolff asked for a backchat after class obliging I listened to him rant slightly how he expected to a greater extent than out of me than five pages of redundancy. I left the schoolroom with a rigid , seemingly emotionless expression. I went to my only friend, my locker, and began to sob when I remembered I had forgotten my combination. Walking back from the teachers lounge, Ms.Reagan calmly asked me to explain my quandary she offered support and assured me I would do well, promising me I would stain friends. I left school that day consoled and withdrawed with a immature hope that I would progress through the sixth grade successfully after all it was just the third day of school. After a few weeks of attending middle school, I began to gain friends they were not comparable with(predicate) to my twin, but they were accepting. I listened to what Ms. Reagan had mentioned to me and I was able to gain more and more friends I today refer to as my closest friends.With Ms. Reagans advice I was able to conquer my fears of having no friends, and I finally was able to reach the dreaded locker combination. Ms. Reagan is the embodiment of a leader and sets an endless usage of respect and commitment for her current students and students of years prior. She treats everyone with kindness and compassion and is always willing to give advice to anyone. Most importantly, she believes in herself as a teacher and, in turn, her students learn to believe in themselves.I have been able to acquire this knowledge of Ms. Reagan through various lunch visits when I was unavailing to find a table. We spoke of our families, futures, travels and opinions. Although it has been years since I sat in her classroom, Ms. Reagan continues to affect me in a very meaningful way. In the summer we much go to the same part of Newport during the same time she often walks past my house, and even on the hottest of days, she will always stop at the end of my driveway just to chat.In return, when I get the chance, I like to stop by to visit her after school lets out just to catch up for a little bit and fill her in on the latest news in my life. However, although our conversations may be few and far between, they always make for memorable moments. As I continue to get older, I cannot help looking back and reminiscing about my days as an elementary student. I feel lucky for having such(prenominal) an unforgettable childhood and thankful for the people that were apart of it. Ms. Reagan has always been more than an educator to me, and I am so blessed to have her as a part of my life.

How Human Influence Heredity In Mice Essay

Selective breeding is the process of breeding plants and animals for busy traits. Typically, strains that ar discriminatingly bred argon domesticated, and the breeding is sometimes d adept by a professional breeder. Breaded animals ar have it offn as breeds, while breaded plants are known as varieties, cultigens, or cultivars. The cross of animals results in what is called a cross breed, and crossbred plants are called hybrids. A genically change organism (GMO) or genetically engineered organism (GEO) is an organism whose genetic existent has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. These techniques, generally known as recombinant DNA technology, engross DNA molecules from different computer addresss, which are combined into one molecule to create a new set of genes. This DNA is whence transferred into an organism, giving it modified or novel genes. The difference between selective breeding and genetically modified organisms is with selective breeding the animals are bred for sure reasons for their fur or eye color also they do it by nature with a professional breeder. But when you have genetically modified organisms they utilization technology to breed the animals or plants.From the reports I researched I have prime out that mice originated in India and Southeast Asia. M all theories explain that Mice appeared on the primer 65 million years ago when dinosaurs still existed. The common antecedent to mice and adult males was an unseecapable rodent- analogous mammal that scurried along the surface of the earth. It had to be inconspicuous because the earth was ruled by enormous dinosaurs, many of whom would have eaten any small mammal that could be caught. It has been predicted that the existence of mice resulted in the formation of a thick cloud of dust that, lead to a scenario like a nuclear winter with the disappearance of all green life, and with that, all puffy animals that depended either directly on plants for survival or indir ectly on the animals that ate the plants would die.At least a small number of our rodent-like ancestors were able to survive these long sunless winters because of their small size which allowed them to get by take seeds alone. When the sun finally returned, the seeds scattered on the ground sprung to life and the world became an extremely fertile place. In the absence seizure of competition from the dinosaurs, the mice were able to become the dominant large animal group, and they created many species.Since in that location are such a wide variety of mice they use them for all sorts of things. Mice are sometimes breaded as laboratory mice so that they notify be used for experiments. They use mice and not dogs to test out practice of medicine for humans because like I stated earlier the similarities of mice and humans are so close that when you test the medicine on the mouse you know that if you tested the medicine on a human that they would have the akin reaction. Thats why 65 million years ago the genes from a mouse mixed with genes from a human and created a rodent like mammal to roam the earth.Outdoor mice provide an essential food source for owls, hawks and other predatory birds and animals. They may also be important consumers of weeds and insects. Indoor mice are not beneficial indoor(prenominal)s, but if there are cockroaches or other insects in infected creates, mice are probably eating them. Eliminating mice may result in a rise in the buildings visible population of insect pests.The only disadvantages of mice are that the indoor mice are usually intruders to a familys garage or lightless-skinned closet. This results in the poisoning or planning of mice traps that will kill the mice instantly. virtually environmental concerns of selective breeding mice are the breeding could cause genetic problems which would make it easier for mice to get sick. With every type of selective breeding (which consists of linebreeding, outcrossing, and inbreedi ng) there are always safety concerns. If you breed them wrong the mother or the baby could die or get a genetic complaint which could stop them from hearing, seeing, or walking.Selective breeding appears to violate mices rights, because selective breeding involves manipulating mice for humans ends as if the animals were nothing more than human property, rather than treating the animals as being value in themselves. Mice are value more than a failed laboratory experiment in a dark dungeon they are magnificent creatures that deserve sunlight, food, water, shelter, and most importantly love.

Successful Public Relations Campaigns

Successful habitual relations gos no longer ca-ca to s snuff it at billboards, store greeters and newspapers. In this age of social networking, media and technology, on that point are numerous opportunities to explore various methods of implementing effective public relations causal agencys and a variety of companies have been capitalizing on these different methods. Following, you will construe examples of employing the Internet, nature and a host of other methods in order to compeer the eye and attention of consumers.In this day, the options are so vast that marketing, advertising and PR professionals have their work cut out for them. In February 2011, Rayovac initiated a Rapid-Response chirp agitate to engage consumers who likely had spare time on their hold due to the snowstorm that a big part of the country was experiencing. The campaign was essentially a virtual snowball fight that included consumer changing their profile picture to a Rayovac- daubed avatar and each related lift utilized the hashtag snowball.The virtual snowball fight lasted for roughly 48 hours and thereafter Rayovac hosted a two hour snow day purloin-up where Rayovac followers could tweet about the weather in their area, activities they partook in and weather related trivia complete with prizes. This particular campaign was seemingly successful, generating 1188 click-throughs to retrieve the placeed avatar, get a worldwide trending topic (TT) and a 30% increase in Twitter followers. With the popularity of Twitter, this was a genius marketing/public relations plan.It gave consumers something to do while home on their snow days and virtuoso could evolve that some participants were introduced and others may have become more familiar with the brand Rayovac. Theres not much that I would have through differently. I think that the scarcely comp anent that was missing was something to butt joint the non-Twitter users. Since this was merely an online public relations effort, this same campaign could have been tweaked a min to have also been done on Facebook, Google Plus or other site for those who do not use Twitter. discuss has interpreted one of their current PR stunts to the streets of Australia.Strategically placed in all of Australias study cities such as Sydney, Melbourne and Perth are fire emergency type boxes that get a check of sneakers behind a glass window. The slogan of the campaign is, Lets Take This Outside and written across the top of each fire box is, IN CASE OF EMERGENCY, BREAK GLASS. Upon prison-breaking the glass, one can actually retrieve a pair of free, brand new, confabulation tennis shoes. The sneakers being spotlighted are from the 2012 Chuck Taylor All sentiency collection. This feat has been constructed to bring awareness to the brand as well as fully engage the citizens of Australia via a few different means.There are clues on the companys website as well as their Facebook page in a picture album leading consumers to the locations of these fire boxes. Converse has alike(p) PR stunts going on in other countries as well. This campaign fully encompasses every facet of consumerism. From the scavenger hunt-type clues to encouraging giving to one another if they find shoes that are the wrong size to capitalizing on the publics love of free goods, this is a fun, genius public relations task that will run through June 10, 2012.I cant think of a single thing that could be done differently. Converse utilized every form of media. No stone was left unturned. publish media, online social networks, in-store advertisements and television commercials were all incorporated. Even the prizes themselves are outside and operable to those who are off the grid. There is no discriminating demographic either, because the target audience is anyone who wears sneakers. This was well planned, very well executed and done in such a way that is preventing mass hysteria.I think that would be the only apprehension that I w ould have as a company is public reaction since everyone would be interested in a free pair of sneakers. Im certain there were many precautions that had to be taken in order for this to come to fruition. Zoning, permits, and backing from law enforcement departments had to be among the kinks that mandatory to be worked out, but they dealt with them in a way that is seemingly flawless. Converse has managed to concoct the perfect formula to keep the campaign enjoyable and safe.

Why I Want To Become An Engineer

Each and e very(prenominal)one of us had our own particular passion and I believed that has been develop since childhood. Ever since I was a kid, I was astonish by the creation of the skyscrapers and outrageously styled buildings. I have always apprehended the large structures and buildings which have surrounded me and I have always had approve for the people who have been involved with the design and constructions of these buildings on such a large scale.I kept wondering how people could construct such an bewitching and difficult creations. As I entered high school, my interests further expanded when I took studies in genteel engineering and engineering drawing classes as it pardon more about buildings. I know that to become a cultivated Engineer I have to work very hard in college and get very good grades. Even though my SPM result was not that good but I was determined to redeem it.Im working hard to improve my grades in matriculation and I believe if person in your comp any that have this kind of attitude to look for continous service to some extent it can be beneficial to your company. On my behalf, I esteem I deserve this wisdom because I am very hard working person. I put so much labor in anything I choose to do, or any task match to me. My goals in life are often high. I am a goal getter, so I will do anything to achieve my goals.I speak out that the drift I have to succeed, and to express knowledge into the life of the ones attack behind me is one of many reasons why I deserve this scholarship. Besides, my nourish is the middle class salary earner so by having this scholarship I can ease their burden. Lastly , I have think that civil engineering is an ideal field for me. I believe that I have the personal attributes and intelligence required to be a civil engineer. I also believe that I possess the work habits and drive to be a successful engineer. This is why I have elect to pursue this as a career.

After high school Essay

As we establish nonagenarianer, more and more problems begin to form. When we reach our juvenile years though, it becomes worse. One problem I regain the hardest is for young adults is deciding what we want to do for the rest of our lives when we argon so young. You finish go to college, soldiery or the elaborateing field depending on your preference. When were in high enlighten, we drive to raise our hand and ask to use the restroom, go to the collide withice to make any phone call no takings how important it may be and have ridiculous dress tag rules.You are treated like a child from kindergarten all the way up to senior year and yet they expect you to make the close to important decision of your life then. One affaire that con line of merchandise do straight out of high groom is go directly to the work field. Although its normally in approximately peoples best intimacy not to, not everyone is make for college. Unless you are extremely aureate, it has been fo und that people who didnt advance to otherwise education after high school make 85% less than those with a college diploma.My brother has a roommate in college and his dad dropped out of college after his first year or two and he makes more money than most people leave ever see. His wife doesnt have to work and his kids have it made when it comes to the materialistic things in life. He owns his own real estate partnership in Pittsburgh and sells and rents houses to people. He does most of his own work so he doesnt have to overcompensate people to do it, which is very handy for him. Although most people do not get as lucky as him, thats okay for any(prenominal) people because money isnt everything though.Sometimes its better to take time off of school instead of wasting all that money when you get intot unconstipated know what you are planning on doing for the rest of your life and sacking straight to college. There are many reasons why people finalise to not go to college, not because they just dont figure that they can do it. Sometimes people have kids onwards they plan, family problems or even they just cant get supporter to pay for it so it holds them plunk for from attending. College is an expensive thing that most people dont want to pay for.You have years of loans to pay back and for a fortune of people they end up miserable at their jobs after a few years. It is to a fault very hard to get champion to pay for you college education. When my cousin tried get help for college, because she had a mount time job and no kids she could get just now any money even though she wasnt getting any help from her parents. If college still isnt the right thing for you but you dont want McDonalds to be your only definite in for a job, the army is a great selection. Although you have to work your butt off for it, the military grounds awesome benefits.Of course its nothing that the NBA players make, which is ridiculous, but it is still a lot just for beingness in the military. A player in the NBA averages about $5. 15 million per year and all the do is hold and shoot a basketball for a living where people in the military have to work their tails off every superstar day to fight for our country and they only get about $70 thousand per year. There is a lot of schooling that they entrust pay for you so you can still get an education while being in the military. Not only will you get your schooling stipendiary for, but also you can even get paid for going.Also, they have programs like ROTC where you can still train for the military but you are in an actual college getting your education. As well as getting your education paid for, you also get set down medical care, monetary security and you can retire around 20 years before other people do. If you get all of that stuff paid for, is at that place even anything left to buy? Food and housing. No worries, in the Army, you bewilder a regular paycheck and free housing includin g meals. If you live off of base, you will still receive a housing allowance.Even if the list of free meals and the checks dont cover all of the food you want, some restaurants and grocery stores offer military discounts, which will also save a lot of money. My dad owns houses and rent them out to people and the first thing he looks at is what kind of job they have to make positive(predicate) they can keep up with rent. Last summer there was a guy from the Army that tried to rent of my dad and he told him that the periodic paying isnt going to be a life-size sight because he gets checks from the Army specifically for his housing so it is all told free for him.Although college isnt everyones best option, I believe its more worth it than working forever at a job that barely gets you by. Colleges can really help you out when you arent exactly for authorized what you want to do. Some even make you take a full year of human beingswide education classes just so you are sure that you want to be in that major. Nobody should waste thousands of dollars just to metamorphose their mind like 50-70% of college kids end up doing. Also, most colleges have classes that help you transition from high school to college and help get good deliberate habits and things like that.For most kids, what they do for the school like sports, music, theatre and clubs is the most important part of high school. Proceeding to college gives you the opportunity to further your go in things like that where there are plenty of sports, clubs, different bands and also sororities and fraternities. Although that would be going to college for the wrong reasons, a college education in general expands your knowledge base, makes you more organized and exposes you to a whole new world of learning. There are also so many different types of colleges though.Depending on your preference, you can go to school for a few months or 12 years. There are community colleges, tech schools, four-year schools and also schools that are totally based on what you want to do. At the four-year schools, you have to take a certain amount of general education courses where as a college with a certain amount of month program, all of your classes are dedicated for your major. every school that you go to has a variety of majors to choose from which also make the college option hard.There are some things that people will never even hear of until they go to college and even then, there are thousands of jobs you can do with most majors that people will likely never even know throughout their entire life. A lot of people dont realize that a really big benefit of going to both college and the military is the life long friends that you make. Of course youll always have your friends from high school, but college and the military both give you the opportunity to start over and make new friends. As you can see, there are benefits to every option you decide to do when you ammonia alum high school.There are also a lot of cons to the option that you decide. It all depends on the person and what they are like. Its just a very hard decision to make when you are barely old enough to stay outside past 11pm. We are very ignorant about the all the different majors in college and the benefits of or other options if we decided to not go to college. We have only lived about a quarter of our life and we are expected to decide what we want to do for three more quarters of our life. This decision is the one that is going to ingrain you for the rest of your life and I just dont think that we are educated enough to make it.

Microarray Student

In the jail cell cytoplasm, the ribosome reads the epoch of the Mrs. in groups of three bases to assemble the protein. D. What is the resulting primary sequence Of the protein you made in the interactive? Mennonite, Lucien, Aspartic Acid, Valise, Phenylalanine 2. Go to the DNA Microfarad Virtual research lab found at the university of Tutus Learn- constituenttics divisortic Science Learning Centers website http// see to it. ingredienttics. Utah. Du/content/labs/microfarad/ 3. rupture on the microfarad slide to begin. Then choose Chapter 2 Measuring gene Expression and go on through Chapter 3 The Experiment.Complete the interactive a first time without writing anything down. 4. Answer the following questions as you work through the virtual DNA microfarad a second time. . What apprise scientists look for to see which constituents be turned on in a particular cell? Provide an example. Scientists use DNA microfarads that used techniques allowing the follow of Mrs. transcribed by each constituent which allows scientists to determine which constituents be evince to a cell. To do so, they use PC to make copies of a broker and then DNA is placed on the microfarad.An example of this is when the DNA microfarads backside be used to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (Snaps). B. Why are tissue samples from healthy and crabby person cells taken from the akin patient? both samples are elected to be able to compare the cells, look at differences in gene expression in cells that have the exact contagious blue print. C. How is ribonucleic acid separated from the rest of the tissue? In localise to be separated, ribonucleic acid samples are mixed with organic solvents, and then they consort through a vortex and centrifuge. D. Describe the process used to specify Mrs. from the other symbols of RNA. RNA is different from other types of RNA because it is the only type that has Poly-A tails, having several adenine amino acids at the end of the molecule. E. Explain how samples are marked. crabby personous cells are violent ink and healthy cells are green. . Why is it unavoidable to make a CDMA copy? Why is Mrs. not used? RNA is not used because DNA is a more stable compared to RNA Making a CDMA copy is necessary to visualize the CDMA later on. This is affirmable because when you make the CDMA copy, you incorporate a fluorescent label in the molecule. G.Draw a diagram of the process of how labeled DNA copies are made. Label the all important(p) components of the process. Your diagram should be in color. Turned in. H. What does CDMA stand for and what was used as a template to create it? CDMA stands for complimentary DNA fragments. The reverse transcription of Mrs. allows for single stranded CDMA to be made. I. What happens once you apply the DNA from the cardinal samples to the DNA microfarad? On the microfarad there are many identical copies of the corresponding genes on certain spots, each spot gives a different gene. J. What does the red color indicate?The red color indicates genes that were bring on by magisterial CA. K. What does the green color indicate? The green color indicates that the gene was powerfully reduce by cancer cells. L. What does the white-livered color indicate? The yellow color indicates that the gene was neither strongly verbalised nor strongly repressed in cancer cells. . What conclusions can you make from microfarad data? Microfarad data is a collection Of DNA spots attached to a solid prove thats used to measure the expression levels of large numbers of genes simultaneously or to genotype multiple regions of a genome. . Does every red spot symbolise that the genes in that spot are bad? Explain. non every red spot is cancerous. Red spots on the merged image represent genes that have had their expression turned up or on in the cancerous tissues and are not expressed in normal cells, the they are not always cancerous. O. What are the limitations of DNA microfarad techn ology? The quality and kernel of RNA remains a major challenge in the microfarad experiments. The amount of obtained tissue and the complexity of the tissue sample itself limit the quality and criterion of RNA that can be isolated.Therefore, clinical studies that are published exploitation the microfarad approach are performed in settings where biological samples are abundant and slowly obtainable. 5. Complete the Paper Microfarad analysis that comes with the kit. Part II Smoking and Lung Cancer grandad Joe, Judy Smiths father, has been a smoker for the past thirty years. Last year, Grandpa Joe came down with a cold that turned into pneumonia. It took him more than a month to recover. The family is very concerned he is going to develop lung cancer.They heard astir(predicate) a study being conducted at the local hospital that is exploring lung-cancer associated genes in smokers and non-smokers. The family convinces Grandpa Joe to participate in the study in order to learn more about his risk for developing lung cancer. The study is investigating six-spot genes thought to be involved with lung cancer using DNA microfarad technology. The researchers wish to compare gene expression of the six genes of interest between smokers and non-smokers in order to gain more knowledge of what causes a normal lung cell to become cancerous.You have been assigned to the study. Your first task is to learn more about the six genes of interest. Below are descriptions for the six genes of interest Gene Name (and Symbol) Protein Function Prediction Gene l Human carcinogenicity antigen (CANDACE) This gene codes for a protein that is located in the extracurricular matrix. This protein is involved with adhesion between cells and is thought to be a proto- nosecone and when over-expressed is an nosecone. Expressed in smoker. We predict that the CANDACE leave alone progress to the form of a tumor or untie to seaport that potential.Gene 2 Surfactant protein B (SIFTS) This gene co des for an extracurricular protein. This protein enhances the rate of spreadhead and increases the stability of pulmonary surfactant, a lipid-rich material that prevents lung collapse by lowering come tension at the air- liquid interface in the alveoli of the lungs. Expressed in the Smoker. This gene can possibly progress to spread a higher(prenominal) production of cells or possibly a higher rate of cancer, perchance in the lungs. Gene 3 POP tumor suppressor (HTTP) This gene codes for a protein that is located in the mitochondria and in the nucleolus.This protein is involved with cell bicycle checkpoints. This gene is a tumor suppressor gene and is thought to be the Guardian of the Genome. check in the smoker. I predict this gene is marvelous to scramble cancer as it monitors cell production, etc. To prevent tumors. Gene 4 CRY This gene codes for a protein that is located in the nucleus. The protein that this gene codes for is testis-determining factor (UDF) which initiates male sex determination. This protein has no lock in lung cells. Not expressed in either. Non-smoker-?yellow.This gene probably determines whether or not you get cancer based on cell production. Assume it contributes to getting cancer, unless in the lung cells, where there would be no increase or decrease in likeliness. Gene S Stockroom IPPP (COPY AY) This gene codes for a protein that is located in the endoplasmic reticulum. The protein catalysts reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesizes cholesterol, steroids, and other lipids. The expression of this protein is bring forth by some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PARS), some of which are found in cigarette smoke.Suppressed in smoker. This gene will contribute to causing cancer if deregulated because it controls cell signaling pathways. Gene 6 Clinical 3(SPEC) This gene codes for a protein that is located in the plasma membrane and extracurricular matrix. The gene controls cellular response to damage and may control ce llular growth normal and apotheosis. This gene is considered to be a tumor suppressor gene for lung cancer. Suppressed in smoker. This gene decreases your risk of cancer as it controls cell felo-de-se and responds to damage or advances in cell growth 6.Highlight or accent any interesting or important information about the function of each protein. 7. Predict how these genes will be expressed in a DNA microfarad of a smoker versus a non-smoker. Would you expect the genes to be generate in the smoker (more expressed), suppressed in the smoker (less expressed), not expressed in either the smoker or the non- smoker, or expressed the same in both the smoker and non-smoker? In a DNA microfarad, I would expect these DNA genes to have a bit of diversity. I say Gene 1 and 2 will be likely induced as they can contribute to overall cell production, 4 would be unaffected as Mr..Smith is testing for lung cancer, and 3, 5, and 6 to be suppressed as they work to control cell production and sm oking destroys several of their functions. For example, Gene 6 works to control cell apotheosis if smoking ruins the chances for a cell to destroy itself, production can get out of control. 8. degrade your predictions in the Prediction column of the above table. Part Ill Microfarad unbendable Lab Now that you know more about the six genes of interest, your short letter is to perform a simulated DNA microfarad using tissue samples taken from Grandpa Joe and a non-smokers tissue samples.

What Are the Psychological Explanations for Why People Commit Terrorist Acts and Up to What Extent Do They Explain These People’s Behaviour.

What argon the psycho logical bills for wherefore tribe move terrorist acts and up to what extent do they beg off these peoples conduct. miller (2006) states that the word terrorist act derives from the Latin word terrere which means to frighten. Merari and Friedman (see Victoroff 2005, p. 3) call option that terrorism existed even before recorded history. This is echoed by Millers (2006) claim that terrorism is as old as civilization and has existed since people discover that they could influence the majority by targeting a few people. Schmid (see Victoroff 2005 p. ) has collected 109 definitions of terrorism and this suggests that it is a very broad topic and extremely hard to define. both physical exertions of comparatively recent acts of terrorism are the Oklahoma City bombings in 1995 and the terrorist attacks upon the United States in 2001. This essay examines some of the psychological explanations as to why people sacrifice such acts of terror and attempts to int egrate some of these explanations in order to achieve a greater accord. One possible explanation of why people swear terrorist acts can be seen in the pathologic possibility of terrorism.Bongar at el. (2007) claim that it is a common suggestion that terrorists must be insane or psychopathologcal this is the basis of the psychopathologic theory of terrorism. just Rasch (see Victoroff 2005 p. 12) looked at 11 terrorist suspects and as well looked at a Federal natural law study of 40 people wanted as terrorists and found cipher to suggest that any of them were mentally ill. Bongar et al (2007) observed that interviews with terrorists hardly perpetually find any disorder listed in the diagnostic and statistical manual(a) of mental disorders.This is supported by the cypher of the criminologist Franco Ferracuti (1982) who said that although terrorist groups are sometimes led by insane individuals, and a few terrorist acts maybe move by insane individuals, ,most people who co nfide terrorist acts hardly ever couple psychiatric criteria for insanity. Victoroff (2005) makes the point that very little research supporting the psycho morbid model uses comprehensive psychiatric examination. Whilst the psycho morbid model may explain the behavior of a few people who saddle terrorist acts it does not explain the deportment of most people who commit terrorist acts.Psychoanalysis is based on the idea that we are largely driven by unconscious motives and impulses (Victoroff 2005 Borum 2004). It has been utilise to try and explain the behaviour of people who commit terrorist acts and has many variants yet two notions seem to underpin all of them the first is that people who commit terrorist acts are motivated by a hostility towards their parents and that these motives are in general unconscious, the second is that terrorism is the result of cruelty and maltreatment in childishness (Borum 2004).A theory which uses the psychoanalytical approach is the Narcissi sm theory. John Crayton and Richard Pearlstein (see Victoroff 2005, p. 23) check used Kohuts self psychology to explain the process that drives unripe people to commit terrorist acts. Heniz Kohuts (see Victoroff 2005, p. 23) concept of self psychology is a variation of Freuds ego psychology. Kohut (see Victoroff 2005, p. 23) claims that infants have certain deficiencys which need to be met in order for their caring responses to develop normally and that if they do not receive maternal empathy it damages their self image.Kohut (see Victoroff 2005, p. 23) called this damage swollen-headed injury and said that it prevents the development of adult morality and identity operator. In his work Crayton (see Victoroff 2005. p. 23) suggests that political experience such as humiliation of subordination qualification rekindle self-conceited injury caused in childhood in adults. He suggested that this may result in an exalted sense of self or the rejection of ones individual identity in order to unify with someone or something which represents omnipotence (see Victoroff 2005, p. 23 Borum 2004, p. 19).Crayton suggested (see Victoroff 2005, p. 23) that an exaltation of self is the origin for leading of terrorist groups/activities and that the rejection of ones individual identity is the origin of the followers of such leaders. Akhtar (see Borum 2004 p. 19) based his work on the Narcissism theory and claimed that people who commit terrorist acts are deeply traumatised as children, and often suffer abuse and humiliation. fit to Akhtar (see Borum 2004, p. 19) this leaves them feeling an enormous amount of fear and vulnerability. Crayton (see Victoroff 2005 p. 3) claims that this fear and vulnerability travel intolerable to the extent that it is expressed through narcissistic rage narcissistic rage is actually rage against the damaged self but is project onto other targets as if they were the reason for the intolerable feelings. The work of both Hubbard and el Surraj (see Victoroff 2005 p. 24) supports the narcissistic theory they found that terrorists are usually not hard-hitting psychopaths but are often timid, emotionally damaged young people who might have suffered parental rejection and therefore not developed their induce adult identities fully.They are often looking for meaning and relationships. The vanity theory tries to explain why people commit terrorist acts in basis of an identity deficit/narcissistic injury which is expressed through narcissistic rage. Pearlstein (see Borum 2004 p. 19) identifies the narcissism theory as the most comprehensive theory of the individual logic of those who commit terrorist acts. However Victoroff (2005) claims that although the ideas within the narcissism theory are credible there is very little scientific evidence supporting the theory.Banduras societal teaching theory suggests that violence occurs through observation and fictitious of behaviour (see Victoroff 2005, p. 18). Whether or not ag gressive behaviour is imitated depends on what consequences of the behaviour are observed when other people carry out the behaviour (see Borum 2004, p. 13). Learning through observation of other peoples actions and through the consequences of their actions is called vicarious training (see Borum 2004, p. 13).Oots and Wiegele (1985) make the point that if aggression can be viewed as a learned behaviour, then terrorism, which is a type of aggressive behaviour, can likewise be viewed as a learned behaviour. Victoroff (2005) gives an event of how the social learning theory might explain the behaviour of people who commit terrorist acts he says that adolescents who die hard in areas of political conflict may witness terrorist behaviours and try to imitate them or that they may see the way that people in their elaboration react to such terrorist behaviours and learn through these.The latter is an example of vicarious learning if certain behaviours get a positive reception then peopl e are more apt(predicate) to imitate them. Crenshaw (see Victoroff 2005, p. 18) gives the example of the martyr posters which are displayed in the Shia regions of Lebanon and Palestinian refugee camps this example illustrates how vicarious learning might explain the behaviour of people who commit terrorist acts. affirmative reactions to terrorist behaviours from the people of a culture may influence others in that culture to commit terrorist acts. The social learning theory fails to explain why plainly a minority of people who witness terrorist behaviours and see these behaviours being laud by their culture become people who commit terrorist acts (Victoroff, 2005). The behaviours of people who commit terrorist acts can be explained to a certain extent by the pathological model, the narcissism model and the social learning theory.The pathological model explains their behaviour in terms of psychopathology, the narcissism model explains their behaviour in terms of narcissistic injur y and an exaltation of self or rejection of individual identity, the social learning theory explains their behaviour in terms of observation, imitation and vicarious learning. None of the models fully succeed in explaining why only a minority of people who suffer from psychopathology, narcissistic personality traits or live in areas of political conflict become people who commit terrorist acts.The pathological model, the narcissism model, and the social learning theory may provide a better explanation of why people commit terrorist acts if they are have For example if someone is pathologically insane, has had a distressful childhood and is also surrounded by political conflict, it seems more likely that they may commit terrorists acts. On the other hand if someone is pathologically insane, has had a relatively stable childhood, and isnt surrounded by political conflict, it seems less likely that they may commit terrorist acts.The three explanations for the behaviour of people who c ommit terrorist acts, which are discussed in this essay are not the only psychological explanations available. thither are also cognitive and biological explanations for such behaviour which if unified with the three explanations discussed in this essay would provide an even greater understanding of why people commit terrorist acts. References Bongar, B. M. , et al. , 2007. Psychology of terrorism. USA Oxford University Press. Borum, R. , 2004. Psychology of terrorism. Tampa Univeristy of southward Florida. Ferracuti, F. , 1982.Asociopsychiatric interpretation of terrorism. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 463, 29-40. Miller, L. , 2006. The Terrorist assessment I. A Psychological and Political Analysis. International Journal of Offender Therapy and comparative Criminology, 50 (2), 121-138. Oots, K. L. , and Wiegele, T. C. , 1985. Terrorist and Victim Psychiatric and Physiological Approaches. Terrorism An International Journal, 8(1), 1-32. Victoroff, J. , 2005. The beware of the Terrorsit A Review and Critique of Psychological Approaches. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 49(1), 3-42.

Mgmt 1

Project train Template GenRays HRIS System Project Charter GenRays 3/1/2012 Table of Contents Project Title excogitation Description Objective Success Criteria or Expected Benefits Funding major Deliverables Acceptance Criteria Milestone Schedule cheering Requirements Project Manager permit by Project Title GenRays HRIS System Purpose Based upon stakeholder interviews the use for the HRIS dust is to improve productivity, improve communication with strength employees, improve enlisting of qualified candidates, improve payroll efficacy swear outes, and improve overall(a) homosexual Resource processes.Description The HRIS nominate will provide a significant advertize to the overall human resources and payroll processes. By providing an automated online trunk for applications, potential candidates for positions whitethorn easily monitor the application process. In addition to this benefit, the updated employee infobase could be used to automatically fill out electronic for ms and allow integrating of multiple enhancements such as a leave establishment, employee raising c are, info reporting capabilities and employee monitored career paths. ObjectiveWe will range with the Information Technology, Human Resources, and payroll departments to determine the best product that meets the needs of all units involved. By reviewing the useable dissolving agents and determining the overall expectations of the comp whatsoever as a whole, we may tell apart a event that provides for the expectations of those units. After the selection process we will work with the same units to configure the HRIS solution specifically for GenRays and the track the outcomes of the implementation. Success Criteria or Expected BenefitsImplementation of the HRIS System will address the following expectations add a career track for existing employees Increase payroll process efficiency and productivity Provide an online application solution with trailing capability Provide more transparency in hiring Provide enhanced review of vocation applicant credentials Process payroll automatically Process outgo reports automatically Enhance recruiting capabilities Improve productivity in relation to electronic forms Reduction of data entry error for payroll Provide a standard instruction execution review system while reducing paperwork blend performance reviews with a standard compensation schedule Provide a standard position control system Integrate performance reviews with grooming to evaluate reading outcomes Provide a leave management system Provide an enhanced employee communication system Reduce overall quash of database systems managed Funding The funding for the HRIS throw away should be address by the VP of Finance. Generally, because the put up supports that area most directly, the project ost should be assumed by that unit. It is potential that the CEO may be willing to fully fund the project due to his interest level. It is also possible that the project may be jointly funded with several units providing funding for their area of interest. For example, the HR unit may elect to absorb the cost of the HRIS system software license and associated national personnel demandd for the project. Moreover, the IT unit may absorb the cost of the database migration and any human not bad(p) associated with the migration. Major Deliverables Selection of HRIS software system Development of forecasted and estimated figure Implementation of HRIS Software into test environs Implementation of career bring in configuration Implementation of payroll automation Implementation of online applications Implementation of performance review system Implementation of employee communication system Implementation of data outline and reporting capabilities Implementation of HRIS Software in production surround Migration of existing data into database Acceptance Criteria Selection of HRIS Software oReview of proposals and features of software.Selecti on by project stakeholders including CEO, VP Finance, VP Marketing, IT Director, HR Director, VP Manufacturing and Plant Managers. Development of forecasted and estimated cipher oReview of proposals, human capital and budget allotments for procurement. Involving project stakeholders including CEO, VP Finance, VP Marketing, IT Director, HR Director, VP Manufacturing and Plant Managers. Implementation of HRIS Software into test environment oImplementation of Software by solution provider and IT unit. Implementation of career tracking configuration Configuration, readiness and examination by HR and IT. Implementation of payroll automation oConfiguration, cookery and interrogatory by Accounting (payroll) and IT. Implementation of online applications oConfiguration, training and testing by HR, Marketing and IT. Implementation of performance review system oConfiguration, training and testing by HR and IT. Implementation of employee communication system oConfiguration, training and tes ting by HR and IT. Implementation of data analysis and reporting capabilities oConfiguration, training and testing by HR and IT. Implementation of HRIS Software in production environment o Implementation of Software by solution provider and IT unit. Migration of existing data into database oImplementation of Software by solution provider and IT unit. Milestone Schedule Selection of HRIS Software oReview of proposals and features of software. Selection by project stakeholders including CEO, VP Finance, VP Marketing, IT Director, HR Director, VP Manufacturing and Plant Managers. Development of forecasted and estimated budget oReview of proposals, human capital and budget allotments for procurement.Involving project stakeholders including CEO, VP Finance, VP Marketing, IT Director, HR Director, VP Manufacturing and Plant Managers. Milestone 1 (Selection and Budgeting February 1, 2013) thanksgivings by CEO, VP Finance, VP Marketing, IT Director, HR Director, VP Manufacturing and Plan t Managers for HRIS selection and budget. From this point procurement of the HRIS solution and management of procurement begins. Implementation of HRIS Software into test environment oImplementation of Software by solution provider and IT unit. Implementation of career tracking configuration Configuration, training and testing by HR and IT. Implementation of payroll automation oConfiguration, training and testing by Accounting (payroll) and IT. Implementation of online applications oConfiguration, training and testing by HR, Marketing and IT. Implementation of performance review system oConfiguration, training and testing by HR and IT. Implementation of employee communication system oConfiguration, training and testing by HR and IT. Implementation of data analysis and reporting capabilities oConfiguration, training and testing by HR and IT.Milestone 2 (Configuration and Testing August 15, 2013) Approval to move into the production environment after confirming configuration and ex pectations to be completed by CEO, VP Finance, VP Marketing, IT Director, HR Director, VP Manufacturing and Plant Managers. Implementation of HRIS Software in production environment o Implementation of Software by solution provider and IT unit. Migration of existing data into database oImplementation of Software by solution provider and IT unit.Milestone 3 (Training October 1, 2013) Delivery of training to all employees utilizing the system. Milestone 34(Go Live October 15, 2013) Approval by IT unit that all features function correctly and are evidence for quality. Approval Requirements Overall the assigned portions of the project need to be canonical by the individual units as identified in the acceptance criteria section. Because individuals from the stakeholder areas are responsible for assisting in the configuration and training portions of the project these areas will require commendations as they are completed.In addition, the overall project will require sign-off from all stakeholders in order to verify that expectations are met and we may implement into a production environment. In relation to change, a change management process will be put in place with direct approval coming from the Project Manager. The project manager will work to ascertain that the expectations are reasonable, adhere to the scope, and are a technical feature of the selected HRIS solution. in one case the project reaches the closing phase a final approval is necessary from the President and CEO indicating project completion. Project Manager Dara S. Fann Authorized by Date

Expression versus expectations in Chekhov’s The lady with the pet dog

In The bird with the caress dog, Chekhovs nonion of amative love coincides with his idea of the duplicitous self and society. Central to Chekhovs give-and-take of romantic love is the individual and the institutions that define him (in particular, marital and domestic ones) which Chekhov sees as anything but intact. What w pot is perceived on the sur expect is in universe a fragmented clumsily held together by bogus and renounce morality tantamount to hypocrisy.In this case, the romantic impulse comes as a liberating and redeeming sensibility. However, Chekhov asserts, the survival, let alone existence of the romantic love is executable solely in the darkin the small, private (and forbidden) enclave away from the persecuting and inquisitive eyes of the collective.Chekhov (2007) writes of Gurov, everything that in which he was sincere and did non deceive himself, everything that make the kernel of his life, was hidden from other people and all that was false in himall that w as open (chap. IV). Indeed what stands start in Chekhovs rub down is the clash between individual sentiments and social expectations defiance versus the norm, liberating passion as opposed to the stifling demands of pseudo-propriety.Such contestation of values is played out in the display cases of Anna Sergeyevna and Dmitri Gurov. Both atomic number 18 trapped and paralyzed by their family and marriages, relationships which are more nominal than actual. Both suffer from a breakdown of discourse with their partners and more importantly, their selves. Hence, the disruption of self-expression. Their efforts toward self-definition and determination are brutally countered by the conventions of their sexuality and status. As a result, what occurs is an extinction of their personality and consequently, the imperilment of their love.In this climate, masks are the only means of self-preservation. Gurov, for one, is a man of several faces. His faade appears to be in strict compliance wi th the behavioral codes attendant of his class and gender. His misogynistic gestures belie his reliable nature. He always spoke ill of women, and when they are discourseed about in his presence, used to call them the lower lam. yet he could not get on for two days together without the lower race (I).Convention, together with his pretensions, reduces Gurov to a flat and peaceable character. So flat, in fact, that his entire life and personality can be summed up by the avocation words He was under forty, but he had a madam friend al cross-filey twelve years old, and two sons at school (I). In this respect, Gurov is a typical family man. He is head (or better yet, cog) of a family the stability and comfortability of which is owed more to economic and social factors than human warmth and run acrossing. The family stands for the simple cogitate that Gurov and his married woman, no matter how superficially are playing their parts well.paradoxically and yet, understandably, Gurovs extra-marital affairs offer no significant threat to the substantiality of his domestic sphere. His women are but fleeting muses, objects of a passion that fades moreover as quickly as it ignites. Such transient and cold encounters ineluctably deteriorate every intimacy which at archetypical so enjoyably diversifies life and appears a light and charming adventure, inevitably grows into a rhythmical problem of extreme intricacy, and in the long run the situation becomes unacceptable (I). In a sense, Gurovs relationships with other women are simply extensions of his mechanized family life.Gurov is deader than alive older than his years. Despite his numerous preoccupations He already snarl a longing to go to restaurants, clubs, dinner parties, anniversary celebrations entertaining noble lawyers and artists (III)his hunger for life and love remains unsatisfied. His romantic sensibility continues to stagnate. Gurovs fate is a microscopic version of the spiritual inertia plagui ng larger society. As Gurov laments, What senseless nights, what uninteresting, uneventful days The rage for card playing, the gluttony, the drunkenness, the perennial talk always about the same thing (III).Apparently the inattentive life of the materially comfortable fail to fill the gaping hole within the individual, in this case, a premature organism at most. What intactness is gained by dint of the observance of superficial social rituals is nothing but conformity and monotony.Gurovs premature self translates to the frustration of his artistic sensibility. Gurov had taken a gradation in arts, but had a post in the bank that he had trained as an opera singer, but ad given it up (I). Again, passion has given way to practicality and material considerations.Though practically unknown (indeed, one can only name her through Gurov, and partially at that), Gurovs wife is far from being a peripheral and passive figure. She enters the story (one can even govern, intrude) almost sim ultaneously as Gurov does. The first glimpse of Gurov is intertwined with that of her that one appears to be the foil of another. Chekhovs description of her evokes capacity (and to a degree, death and deadliness) uncommon of her sex his wife seemed half as old again as he. as she verbalise of herself, intellectual. She read a great dealhe secretly considered her unintelligent, narrow inelegant, was terror-struck of her, and did not like to be at home (I).His wifes sense of individuality proves corrosive to their relationship. Not that Chekhov despises individuality in women, Annas struggle toward self-definition show otherwise. What makes Gurovs wifes fatal is that it consumes, by emasculating, Gurov. An individuality such as her hampers coalescency and unity, disadvantageous to love. The juxtaposition of Gurov and his wifes sensibility lays bare a glaring incongruity, symptomatic of the tribulation of their marital communication.The marital environment isolates them both. For Gurov in his home it was impossible to talk of his love, and he had no one outside (III). And when his wife catches on and reacts to his hints on love no one guessed what it meant only his wife twitched her black eyebrows, and said The part of a lady-killer does not suit you at all, Dimitri (III). Their marital union is grounded on repulsion and revulsion.In stark contrast to his wife is the character of Anna Sergeyevna, whose individuality, at least in the beginning, is yet to be defined. Which is not to say that she is empty, for like Gurov, Anna is in search of a life above the unremarkable To live, to live I was fired by curiosityI could not control myself something happened to me, I could not be restrained (I). The amorphousness of Anna and Gurov serves as a point of connection, a common ground for them.Annas gradual overture from anonymity to indiviulaity is paradoxically combined in her identity as the lady with the pet dog. When Gurovs romance with an unknown woman (I) p erchance escalates to full-blown romance that sweet delirium, that madness (II) Annas personality becomes indelible Anna did not visit him in dreams, but followed him about everywhere and taken up(p) him (II). Indeed, what marks Gurovs love for Anna is its sense of permanence and identity. Annas face is not gobbled up by oblivion, nor does it fade in the crowd. To Gurov, she is the only lady with the pet dog.This sense of eternity is not bound to be challenged though. Society looms as a more powerful and sinister pull back in the lovers lives. Their love is taboo, a truth which they can only tabulate but never defeat it seemed to them that fate itself had meant them for one another, and they could not understand why he had a wife and she had a husband (IV).Chekhov does not negate the potency, even necessity of genuine romantic love. He does not offer false hopes about it either. Gurov and Anna can only dwell in the present what the future has to offer is far from hopeful and i t was clear to both that they still had a long road before them, and that the most complex and difficult part is only just beginning (IV).ReferencesChekhov, A. (2007). The lady with the pet dog. Retrieved December 1, 2007, fromhttp//www.enotes.com/lady-pet-text.

Autobiographical Fiction

In the beginning the official said, let the stadium lights come on, and they came on. The foot stumblebum players came onto the welkin, and they saw the light was good. Other teams started to channelise up and practice on the battle ground, otherwise known as the playing field. Fans shouted, and cheerleaders went on rough their playful acts. P bents, brothers, sisters, and close friends all piled into the stands to substantiate the crippled of the year. The official stepped out onto the moist grass at Manchester joined Stadium in Manchester, England. The age was 7. 45pm on a Saturday night.He paused for a mo handst, looked at his stopwatch, and blew his whistle. Gigantic muscular men came from out of nowhere as the fans began to cheer, waving various flags, scarfs and t-shirts The players ran out to the middle of the stadium. A feel of aversion and resentment came about in the note. The crowd came unglued from their seats. The sounds of various noise take aimrs filled the ai r once again. Parents and grandparents alike came to their feet in the stands. Cars stopped on the street in front of the stadium, as they honked their horns, and cheered for their team of choice.As the two burly men stood in the middle of the field, many thoughts ran by their enquirys. They both knew some unrivalledness was going away to lose, but defeat was out of the question. The official tossed a silver funds into the air. The coin hit the wet grass with a shiny portray of Queen Elizabeth clearly showing. The home team will kick off. both(prenominal) anger infested players shook hands and ran sand to their half. The fans began to cheer as the players took the field again. Little did the fans know of how the players practiced all week long.Burnage had a real intense practice, while Didsbury slacked off, and took an easy week, since their opponent was not that good of a team. The kick-off approached for both teams, almost instantaneously. Memories of past football games, and practices were rushing through our heads. The judgment of conviction measure read 800pm. Suddenly, a whistle blew, and the brown piece of ground of pigskin went flying into the air. Running to the ball, one of the Burnage players quickly got the football, stepped left, then to the right as he attempted to get past the opponents.Soon after(prenominal), the player was meetd deck by a pack of Didsbury players, and the referee gave the ball to one of the Burnage players. I had been waiting for this moment all of my life. The match of the year in Manchester was about to begin. Burnage have lost 14 years straight to Didsbury. Managers only daydreamed of debacle the undefeated Didsbury team. As referee called for the play, I smiled with joy. The first play of the game was to me. I played at the defence, so I was going to go the ball. First play, up the middle of the field, I ran for a fifteen honey oil gain.The next play was to one of my fellow team mates, which he as well ran for another large gain of 26 yards. I could not view my eyes. after(prenominal) all these years, the game was lastly here. We, as a team, were behind frittering apart the Didsbury defence. Our offence was dominating the ball, and they could not stop our players. After 20 proceedings Burnage took the lead to make the cook 1-0. Straight after the lead it came as a shock to our team. We were starting to get tired, and make little mistakes that cost us to let Didsbury have a unbosom kick.One of our defenders was not defending in the right place, and that lead to one of the didsbury player to strike the ball in an uncovered area to score a goal. We all hung our heads as Didsbury celebrated their goal, and taunted our players. As we approached to our half of the field, the music director had a few words of his own to share with our team. Listen up here boys, it aint over yet. If you give up now, you are going to lose. That is the boast of football. If you give up, you lose. I was not going to let my 4 years of previous football experience go to waste, just because I was tired.We as a team knew our manager was serious, as a tiny tear drop formed in the corner of his eye. Half time came about, as we all headed to the locker room for a sip of cool water, and a long speech was made by the managers. To my surprise, our manager was very quiesce with us as he drew out plays with piece of blanched chalk on the board. The manager mainly concentrated on how to chasten the Didsbury defence. As I sat there in the locker room, I knew what I had to do. I knew that the team was depending on my skills. Visions of victory ran through my head.I visualized the opponent as a measly bowling pin, and myself as the bowling ball. My imagination started to dethaw wild. As I felt the adrenaline running through my veins, my body started to tremble with anger. I thought to myself, They unfeignedly do think we cant win, and I have to prove them wrong. The half time is over and the players stroll on to the battle ground with a pinch of fierce hatred. With anger and rage in my eyes, I was ready. I was a true lean, mean, defending machine. Nothing was going to get in my way. My head steamed a white smoke. The weather slowly began to get colder a cold front moved in.The sky, covered with clouds, grumbled at us as we called our plays, and ran them. Just 30 minutes were now left on the clock both teams were overcome with fatigue. The score remained at 1-1 The weather began to get cold, and teeny droplets of water started to fall from the ocean like sky. I felt the jitteriness of the crowd, as the clanging of the cow bells from the crowd came to a halt. Managers paced back and forth, as we headed into the last 15 minutes. Each team got two possessions on offense. neither team had the strength to penetrate the defence. Now only 3 minutes remained on the time clock.The weather took over the game, pouring down with pelting from the black sky. All the player s stopped to visualize whether play will hold back or not. The play wasnt called off in the huddle so the players prosecute into the game again. The play consisted of me running to the right, and the left-back defender was going to toss the ball to me. As I took off to the right side of the field, I on the spur of the moment felt a burst of energy. My bones felt relaxed, and my muscles replenished. The left back defender tossed me the ball, and I ran frantically down the playing field strolling through the Didsbury defence.I couldnt believe my eyes, as I viewed the target made for me to run through. Fifteen yards down the field, I met up with one of my old friends who was Didsburys magnetic core back defender and my opponent. He slipped and fell in his attempt to tackle me. The perfect opportunity had come to strike the ball in to the net. So I did and scored I smiled with joy. The crowd went wild, popcorn spilled onto the wet ground. Cow bells once again sounded as the raindrops still poured down. I will never swallow up that moment of my life. Shortly after, the referee blew the final whistle. Burnage went on to beat DidsburyI could see it now on the front page of the town news program paper Burnage demolishes Disbury for the first time in 14 years We finally beat the best team in the city. As we celebrated, and jumped around on the soggy grass, a tear came to my eye. It was all hitting me now. I finally achieved the goal of my life I could not control the tremendous simper on my face. As I watched the manager from the opposing team clapperclaw in hurt, I thought to myself, That must be what they call the agony of defeat. I knew that the moment of my life I had long waited for, was gone. Only memories are left in my mind, and I cherish every single one of them.